These authors carried out a series of experiments using cells from different tissues to test the hypothesis that modulated RF fields may act as a DNA damaging agent. They exposed the cells for either 2 or 24 hours to RFR from International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) system. They used both continuous wave and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) modulated signal, at SARs that varied from 0.8 W/kg to 8 W/kg. They tested the effect of the RFR on the DNA using the alkaline comet assay. No significant differences were observed between the exposed and sham-exposed cells.